考研作文常用的300个主题关键词
一 经济贸易类 1.改革产业结构 reform the structure of industries 2. 亏损企业 loss-making enterprises 3. 搞活企业 enliven enterprises 4. 加快现代化步伐 quicken the modernization drive 5. 跨国公司 transnational corporation / multinational corporation 6. 乡镇企业 township enterprises 7. 国有企业 state-owned enterprises 8. 合资企业 joint ventures 9. 解放生产力 emancipate/ liberate productivity 10.振兴国家经济 invigorate our state economy 11.实行股份制 introduce the shareholding system 12.全面深化改革 deepen reform all round 13.提高经济效益 improve economic results 14.增进效益 increase economic returns 15.宏观经济调控 macro-economic control and management 16. 经济实力 economic strength 17. 经济转轨 economic transformation 18. 经营机制 operative mechanism 19. 整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order 20. 引进竞争机制 introduce a competitive mechanism 21. 建立技术密集型企业 set up technologically-intensive enterprises 22. 招商引资 canvass business and introduce investment 23. 房地产 real estate 24. 经济特区 special economic zone 25. 基础设施 infrastructure facilities 26. 豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects 27. 投资热点 investment hot spot 28. 外向型经济 export-oriented economy 29. 按劳分配 distribute according to the work performance 30. 打破平均主义 break / abandon equalitarian 31. 沿海开放城市 open coastal cities 32. 保税区 bonded zone/ area 33. 金融改革 banking system 34. 国民生产总值 Gross National Product 35. 扶贫项目 anti-poverty project 36. 下海经商 plunge into the private business 37. 协调发展 coordinate the development 38. 住房改革 housing reform 39. 社会保障体系 social security system 40. 数字时代 digital times 41. 信息高速公路 the information superhighway 42. 虚拟社区 virtual communities 43. “菜蓝子”工程 the “shopping-basket” project ( the non-staple food project) 44. 拳头产品 knock-out products/ competitive products 45. 市场萧条 slack market 46. 中国质量万里行 China’s Long March to Quality campaign 47. 冒牌产品 fake brand-name products 48. 假冒伪劣商品 fake and poor quality commodities 49. 谋取暴力 reap colossal profits 50. 提出索赔 lodge a claim 51. 投诉 lodge complaint 52. 贸易争端 trade disputes 53. 乱收费 random charges 54. 市场疲软 sluggish market 55 .贸易顺差 favorable trade balance 56. 贸易逆差 unfavorable trade balance 57. 实行优惠政策 launch a preferential policy 58. 繁荣市场 flourish the market 59. 加入世贸组织 accession to the WTO/ entry into the WTO 60. 最惠国待遇 Most-Favored-Nation treatment 61. 消费者协会 consumer’s association 62. 消费者购买力 consumer purchasing power 63. 新兴市场 emerging market 64. 抑制消费 control / inhibit consumption 65. 无形资产 intangible assets 66. 有形资产 tangible assets 67. 市场占有率 market share 68. 严重违约 grave breach of contract 69. 泡沫经济 bubble economy 70. 品牌效应 brand effect 71. 企业重组 reshuffle of enterprises 72. 贸易壁垒 trade barrier 73. 人才流失 brain drain 74. 清理“三角债” break up the debt chain 75. 企业文化 corporate culture 76. 商业炒作 commercial speculation 77. 扩大内需，刺激消费 expand domestic demand and consumption 78. 拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth 79. 连锁反应 chain reaction / domino effect 80. 竞争优势 competitive edge 81. 经济结构调整 economic restructuring 82. 经济增长点 economic growth point ; growth engine 83. 经济过热 overheated economy 84. 经济滑坡 economic downturn 85. 集约化经营 intensive management 86. 灰色收入 gray income 87. 福利分房 welfare-oriented public housing distribution system 88. 分期付款 installment payment 89. 从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy 90. 按揭购房 buy a house on a mortgage ; mortgage a house 91. 边际效益 marginal benefit 92. 不良贷款 non-performing loan 93. 裁减冗员 lay off redundant staff; cut down on overstaffing 94. 产品更新换代 upgrade of products 95. 创业园 high-tech business incubator; pioneer park 96. 促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy 97. 家庭联产承包责任制 household contract responsibility system 98. 人才战 competition for talented people 99. 脱贫致富 shake/cast off poverty and set out a road to prosperity 100. 资源优化配置 optimizing the allocation of resources二 政治类
101. 不正之风 bad / harmful practice 102. 霸权主义 hegemonism 103. 奔小康 strive for a better-off life 104. 论资排辈 assign priority according to seniority 105. 持续发展 sustainable development 106. 重复建设 redundant project 107. 大锅饭 egalitarian practice ( of everyone taking food from the same big pot) 108. 多极化 multi-polarization 109. 科学技术是第一生产力 Science and technology are the primary productive force. 110. 机构臃肿 overstaffing in organization 111. 机构改革 institutional restructuring; streamlining 112. 反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government 113. 窗口行业 service trade 114. 核心竞争力 core competitiveness 115. 减员增效 downsizing of staff and improving efficiency 116. 减轻农民负担 reduce farmer’s burdens; lighten the burden on them 117. 跨越式发展 great-leap-forward development 118. 跨世纪发展 trans-century project 119. 民主集中制 democratic centralism 120. 讲诚信﹑反欺诈 honor credibility and oppose cheating 121. 强权外交 power diplomacy 122. 人浮于事 overstaffing 123. 侵吞公款 embezzle public funds 124. 群带关系 networking through petticoat influence 125. 求同存异 seek common ground on major issues while shelving differences on minor ones 126. 滥用权力 abuse one’s power; misuse one’s authority 127. 廉政建设 build a clean and honest government 128. 三步走战略 the three-step development strategy 129. 三讲教育 three emphases education—emphasize theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct 130. 三峡工程 Three gorges project 131. 贪污腐化 corruption and degeneration 132. 思想僵硬 fossilized concept 133. 西部开发 the development of China’s west 134. 发展是硬道理 Development is an invariable truth 135. 坚持四项基本原则 uphold the four cardinal principles 136. 地方保护主义 regional protectionism 137. 拜金主义 money worship 138. 行贿受贿 give and take bribery 139. 走后门 get in by the back door / enter by the back door 140. 和平演变 peaceful evolution 141. 贪脏枉法 take bribes and bend the law 142. 以权谋私 abusing power for money 143. 拉关系 try to establish a relationship with sb. 144. 权钱交易 trading power for money 145. 扫黄运动 anti-pornography campaign 146. 公款吃喝 enjoy banquet on public funds 147. “一国两制”的原则 the principle of “one country, two systems:” 148. 两大主题 two principle themes 149. 坚持一个中国立场 stick to one-China position 150. 全国人民代表大会 National People’s Congress 151. 与国际接轨 synchronize with the world; accord with international norms 152. 社会主义物质文明 socialist material wellbeing 153. 社会主义精神文明 socialist culture and ideology 154. 实现中华民族伟大复兴 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 155. 歪风邪气 unhealthy practices and evil phenomena 156. 温暖工程 adequate food and clothing program 157. 知识产权 intellectual property right 158. 综合国力 comprehensive national strength 159. 最低生活保障制度 systems for ensuring a minimum standard of living 160. 政企分开 separate government functions from enterprise management 161. 与时俱进 keep pace with the times 162. 闲置人员 idle hand 163. 养老保险 endowment insurance 164. 以经济建设为中心 focus on the central task of economic construction 165. 下岗职工基本生活费 subsistence allowance for laid-off workers 166. 世界观﹑人生观﹑价值观 world outlook, outlook on life and values 167. 实事求是 seek truth from facts 168. 试点工程 pilot project 169. 政府廉洁高效 clean and efficient government 170. 战略伙伴关系 strategic partnership
三 教育与科学技术类
171. 科技含量 technology content 172. 科教兴国 rely on science, technology and education to rejuvenate the nation 173. 可持续发展战略 strategy of sustainable development 174. 工业园区 industrial park 175. 技术密集型产品 technology-intensive product 176. 新兴学科 new branch of science 177. 边缘学科 frontier science 178. 高速宽带互联网 high-speed broadband networks 179. 电脑病毒 computer viruses 180. 电子商务 e-commerce; e-business 181. 黑客 hacker 182. 数字地球 digital globe 183. 局域网 local area network 184. 人工智能 artificial intelligence 185. 网上冲浪 web-surfing 186. 网络世界 cyber world 187. 网上犯罪 cyber crime 188. 信息高速公路 information highland 189. 网民 netizen 190. 虚拟现实 virtual reality 191. 克隆 cloning 192. 基因工程 genetic engineering 193. 转基因食品 genetically modified food 194. “神舟六号”载人飞船 manned spacecraft Shenzhou VI 195. 掌上电脑 palm computer 196. 主页 home page 197. 语音信箱 voice mail 198. 网络经济 cyber-economy 199. 网虫 netter; Internet geek 200. 网恋 cyber romance; virtual romance 201. 高精尖技术 high-grade, high-precision, advanced technology 202. 科技扶贫 support poor areas using technology 203. 科研攻关 work towards key technological breakthroughs 204. 自费研究生 self-supporting graduate student 205. 委托培养 consign the training of personnel to a certain school 206. 填鸭式教学 cramming method of teaching 207. 启发式教学 heuristic education 208. 复合型人才 interdisciplinary talent 209. 论文答辩 thesis oral defense 210. 素质教育 quality-oriented education 211. 教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people 212. 九年制义务教务教育 nine-year compulsory education 213. 德智体美劳全面发展 all around development of moral, intellectual,physical,aesthetics and labor education 214. 知识产权 intellectual property 215. 因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude 216. 硕博连读 a continuous academic program that involves postgraduate and doctoral study 217. 双学位 double degree 218. 双向选择 two-way selection 219. 人才流失 brain drain 220. 陶冶情操 cultivate one’s taste and temperament 221. 学生减负 alleviate the burden on students 222. 学术交流 academic exchanges 223. 学科带头人 pace-setter in scientific research 224. 德才兼备 have both political integrity and ability 225. 攻读硕士学位 study for a doctoral degree 226. 文科生 students of liberal arts 227. 理科生 students of science 228. 爱国主义教育 education in patriotism 229. 择优录取 enroll the excellent students 230. 毕业论文 graduation thesis 231. 毕业设计 graduation project 232. 义务教育 compulsory education 233. 高等教育 higher education 234. 选修课程 optional courses 235. 主修课程 major courses 236. 重点学科 key disciplinary areas 237. 德智体全面发展的学生 students who are well developed morally, intellectually and physically 238. 教育部 Ministry of Education 239. 博士生导师 doctoral supervisors 240. 世界观﹑人生观﹑价值观 word outlook, outlook on life and values
四 文化社会生活类
241. 彩票 lottery ticket 242. 保健食品 health-care food 243. 暴发户 new rich; upstart 244. 民工潮 farmer’s frenzied hunt for work in cities 245. 下岗工人 laid-off workers 246. 人口老龄化 aging/ graying population 247. 人口高峰 baby boom 248. 人口负增长 negative population growth 249. 流动人口 moving population 250. 收视率 viewing rate 251. 售后服务 after-sale service 252. 再就业工程 re-employment project 253. 自由职业者 free lancer 254. 性别歧视 sexual discrimination 255. 性价比 cost performance 256. 水货 smuggled goods 257. 水土流失 soil erosion 258. 文化渗透 cultural infiltration 259. 跳槽 job-hopping 260. 抢购 panic buying 261. 甩卖 clearance sale 262. 公益广告 public-interest advertisement 263. 让利 offer discounts 264. 出国热 craze for going abroad 265. 社会福利制度 the social welfare system 266. 享受公费医疗 enjoy public health care 267. 世界卫生组织 World Health Organization (WHO) 268. 黄昏恋 twilight love 269. 贺岁片 New Year film 270. 记者招待会 press/ news conference 271. 卖淫嫖娼 prostitute oneself and visit prostitutes 272. 制造假钞 make the false notes 273. 吸毒者 a drug addict 274. 出售黄色录像 sell obscene video tapes 275.传销 pyramid-selling; multi-level marketing
五 环境法律医疗类等
276. 温室效应 green-house effect 277. 沙漠化 desertification 278. 过度放牧 overgrazing 279. 过度捕鱼 over-fishing 280. 滥砍乱伐 clear-cutting 281. 退耕还林 return cultivated land to forest 282. 沙尘暴 sand storm 283. 生态危机 ecological forest 284. 破坏生态平衡 destroy / upset the ecological balance 285. 自然保护区 nature reserve 286. 环境绿化 environmental greening 287. 禽流感 bird flu 288. 疯牛病 mad cow disease/ BSE 289. 口蹄疫 foot-and-mouth disease 290. 非典 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 291. 偷税﹑骗税 tax evasion and tax fraud 292. 扫黄打非 eliminate pornography and illegal publications 293. 严打斗争 strike-hard campaign 294. 公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序 a new and rational new international political and economic order 295. 外交纷争 diplomatic disputes 296. 维护世界和平 safeguard world peace 297. 国际惯例 international common practice 298. 民族分裂主义 ethnic separatism 299. 宗教极端主义 religious extremism 300. 世界的基本格局 basic world pattern
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